(一)保管维护
（1） Custody and maintenance
保管维护的目的，是不让阀门在保管中损坏，或降低质量。而实际上，保管不当是阀门损坏的重要原因之一。阀门保管，应该井井有条，小阀门放在货架上，大阀门可在库房地面上整齐排列，不能乱堆乱垛，不要让法兰连接面接触地面。这不仅为了美观，主要是保护阀门不致碰坏。由于保管和搬运不当，手轮打碎，阀杆碰歪，手轮与阀杆的固定螺母松脱丢失等等，这些不必要的损失，应该避免。对短期内暂不使用的阀门，应取出石棉填料，以免产生电化学腐蚀，损坏阀杆。对刚进库的阀门，要进行检查，如在运输过程中进了雨水或污物，要擦试干净，再予存放。阀门进出口要用蜡纸或塑料片封住，以防进去脏东西。对能在大气中生锈的阀门加工面要涂防锈油，加以保护。放置室外的阀门，需要盖上油毡或苫布之类防雨、防尘物品。存放阀门的仓库要保持清洁干燥。
The purpose of storage and maintenance is not to damage the valve or reduce the quality during storage. In fact, improper storage is one of the important reasons for valve damage. Valves shall be kept in good order. Small valves shall be placed on the shelf, and large valves can be arranged neatly on the floor of the warehouse. They shall not be stacked disorderly, and the flange connection surface shall not contact the ground. This is not only for beauty, but also to protect the valve from damage. Due to improper storage and handling, the hand wheel is broken, the valve rod is crooked, and the fixing nut between the hand wheel and the valve rod is loose and lost. These unnecessary losses should be avoided. For valves that are not used for a short time, asbestos packing shall be taken out to avoid electrochemical corrosion and damage to the valve stem. Check the valves that have just entered the warehouse. If rain or dirt enters during transportation, wipe them clean and then store them. The inlet and outlet of the valve shall be sealed with wax paper or plastic sheet to prevent dirt from entering. The machined surface of the valve that can rust in the atmosphere shall be coated with antirust oil for protection. The valves placed outdoors need to be covered with rain proof and dust-proof articles such as linoleum or tarpaulin. The warehouse for storing valves shall be kept clean and dry.
(二)使用维护
（2） Use and maintenance
使用维护的目的，在于延长阀门寿命和保证启闭可靠。阀杆螺纹，经常与阀杆螺母摩擦，要涂一点黄干油、二硫化钼或石墨粉，起润滑作用。不经常启闭的阀门，也要定期转动手轮，对阀杆螺纹添加润滑剂，以防咬住。室外阀门，要对阀杆加保护套，以防雨、雪、尘土锈污。如阀门系机械待动，要按时对变速箱添加润滑油。
The purpose of use and maintenance is to prolong the service life of the valve and ensure reliable opening and closing. The thread of the valve rod often rubs with the valve rod nut, and a little yellow dry oil, molybdenum disulfide or graphite powder shall be coated for lubrication. For valves that do not open and close frequently, the hand wheel should also be turned regularly to add lubricant to the stem threads to prevent biting. For outdoor valves, the valve stem shall be protected from rain, snow, dust and rust. If the valve is a mechanical standby, add lubricating oil to the gearbox on time.
(三)运转中阀门的维护
（3） Maintenance of valves in operation
1、清扫
1. Sweep
阀门的表面、阀杆和阀杆螺母上的梯形螺纹、阀杆螺母与支架滑动部位以及齿轮、蜗轮蜗杆等部件，容易沾积许多灰尘、油污以及介质残留等赃物，对阀门会产生磨损和腐蚀。因此经常保持阀门外部和活动部位的清洁，保护阀门油漆的完整，显然是十分重要的。阀门上的灰尘适用于毛刷拂扫和压缩空气吹扫;梯形螺纹和齿间的赃物适用于抹布擦洗;阀门上的油污和残留适用于蒸汽吹扫，甚用铜丝刷洗，直加工面、配合面显出金属光泽，油漆面显出油漆本色为止。疏水阀应有专人负责，每班少检查一次，定期打开冲洗阀和疏水阀底的堵头进行冲洗，或定期拆卸冲洗，以免赃物堵塞阀门。
The surface of the valve, the trapezoidal thread on the valve stem and the valve stem nut, the sliding part of the valve stem nut and the support, as well as the gear, worm gear and other parts are easy to accumulate a lot of dirt such as dust, oil stain and medium residue, which will cause wear and corrosion to the valve. Therefore, it is obviously very important to keep the outside and moving parts of the valve clean and protect the integrity of the valve paint. The dust on the valve is suitable for brush brushing and compressed air purging; The dirt between trapezoidal threads and teeth is suitable for wiping with rags; The oil stain and residue on the valve are suitable for steam purging and even brushing with copper wire until the machined surface and mating surface show metallic luster and the painted surface shows the natural color of paint. The drain valve shall be in the charge of a specially assigned person, and shall be inspected at least once per shift. The flushing valve and the plug at the bottom of the drain valve shall be opened regularly for flushing, or the valve shall be disassembled and flushed regularly to prevent dirt from blocking the valve.
2、阀门的润滑
2. Lubrication of valves
阀门梯形螺纹、阀杆螺母与支架滑动部位，轴承部位、齿轮和蜗轮、蜗杆的啮合部位以及其它配合活动部位，都需要良好的润滑条件，减少相互间的摩擦，避免相互磨损。有的部位专门设有油杯或油嘴，若在运行中损坏或丢失，应修配齐，油路要通畅。润滑部位应按具体情况定期加油。经常开启的、温度高的阀门适于间隔一周一个月加油一次;不经常开启、温度不高的阀门加油周期可长一些。
The trapezoidal thread of the valve, the sliding part of the valve stem nut and the support, the bearing part, the meshing part of the gear, worm gear and worm and other cooperative moving parts all need good lubrication conditions to reduce mutual friction and avoid mutual wear. Some parts are specially equipped with oil cups or nozzles. If they are damaged or lost during operation, they should be repaired and equipped, and the oil circuit should be unobstructed. Lubricating parts shall be lubricated regularly according to specific conditions. Frequently opened valves with high temperature are suitable for refueling once a week to a month; If the valve is not opened frequently and the temperature is not high, the refueling cycle can be longer.
润滑剂可以是机油、黄油、二硫化钼和石墨等。高温阀门不适于用机油、黄油，它们会因高温熔化而流失，而适于注入二硫化钼和抹擦石墨粉剂。对裸露在外的需要润滑的部位，如梯形螺纹、齿轮等部位，若采用黄油等油脂，容易沾染灰尘，而采用二硫化钼和石墨粉润滑，则不容易沾染灰尘，润滑效果比黄好。石墨粉不容易直接涂抹，可用少许机油或水调合成膏状使用。注油密封的旋塞阀应按照规定时间注油，否则容易磨损和泄漏。
Lubricants can be engine oil, butter, molybdenum disulfide and graphite. High temperature valves are not suitable for oil and butter, which will be lost due to high temperature melting, but suitable for injecting molybdenum disulfide and wiping graphite powder. For exposed parts requiring lubrication, such as trapezoidal threads, gears and other parts, if grease such as butter is used, it is easy to be contaminated with dust, while molybdenum disulfide and graphite powder are used for lubrication, it is not easy to be contaminated with dust, and the lubrication effect is better than yellow. Graphite powder is not easy to apply directly. It can be mixed with a little oil or water to form a paste. The plug valve with oil filling seal shall be filled with oil according to the specified time, otherwise it is easy to wear and leak.
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