利用一个中间开孔的球体做阀心，靠旋转球体来控制阀的开启和关闭。球阀可做直通、三通或四通。球阀在管道上主要作截断、分配和改变介质流动方向用。

Using a ball with a central opening as the valve core, control the opening and closing of the valve by rotating the ball. Ball valves can be made in straight, three-way, or four-way. Ball valves are mainly used for cutting, distributing, and changing the direction of medium flow in pipelines.

　　由于球阀座应用了橡胶材料，所以其使用温度收到了限制。为了应付可能发生的火灾情况，许多设计者都采用辅助性的金属对金属密封。

Due to the use of rubber material in the ball valve seat, its usage temperature is limited. In order to cope with possible fire situations, many designers use auxiliary metal to metal seals.

　　球阀不适宜用作节流阀，但其在部分开启状态下，可用来将进入或排出系统的压力减少。在生产设备上，球阀常用作一般目的的开/闭阀。

Ball valves are not suitable as throttling valves, but they can be used to reduce the pressure entering or exiting the system when partially open. On production equipment, ball valves are commonly used as opening/closing valves for general purposes.

　　浮动球球阀：

Floating ball valve:

　　其球体是浮动的，在介质压力作用下，球体能产生一定的位移并压附在出口端的密封圈上，保证出口端密封。

The sphere is floating, and under the pressure of the medium, the sphere can generate a certain displacement and attach to the sealing ring at the outlet end, ensuring the sealing at the outlet end.

　　这种球阀结构简单、密封性好，但在出口端密封处承压高，操作扭矩也较大。这种结构广泛应用于中低压球阀。

This type of ball valve has a simple structure and good sealing performance, but it has high pressure and high operating torque at the outlet sealing point. This structure is widely used in medium and low pressure ball valves.

　　固定球球阀：

Fixed ball valve:

　　这种球阀的球体是固定的，受压后不产生移动，通常与球成一体的上下轴上装有滚动或滑动轴承，操作扭矩小，适用于高压和大口径阀门。

The ball of this type of ball valve is fixed and does not move under pressure. Usually, the upper and lower shafts integrated with the ball are equipped with rolling or sliding bearings, which have low operating torque and are suitable for high-pressure and large-diameter valves.

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