在流体管道系统中，阀门是控制元件，其主要作用是隔离设备和管道系统、调节流量、防止回流、调节和排泄压力。

　　In fluid pipeline systems, valves are control components whose main functions are to isolate equipment and pipeline systems, regulate flow, prevent backflow, and regulate and discharge pressure.

　　阀门可用于控制空气、水、蒸汽、各种腐蚀性介质、泥浆、油品、液态金属和放射性介质等各种类型流体的流动。由于管道系统选择最适合的阀门显得非常重要，所以，了解阀门的特性及选择阀门的步骤和依据也变得至关重要起来。一、阀门的分类阀门总的可分两大类：1、自动阀门依靠介质（液体、气体）本身的能力而自行动作的阀门。

　　Valves can be used to control the flow of various types of fluids such as air, water, steam, various corrosive media, mud, oil, liquid metals, and radioactive media. Due to the importance of selecting the most suitable valve for pipeline systems, understanding the characteristics of valves and the steps and criteria for selecting valves have become crucial. 1、 The classification of valves can generally be divided into two categories: 1. Automatic valves that rely on the ability of the medium (liquid, gas) to operate on their own.

　　如止回阀、安全阀、调节阀、疏水阀、减压阀等。2、驱动阀门借助手动、电动、液动、气动来操纵动作的阀门。

　　Such as check valves, safety valves, regulating valves, drain valves, pressure reducing valves, etc. 2. A valve that is operated manually, electrically, hydraulically, or pneumatically to control its movement.

　　如闸阀，截止阀、节流阀、蝶阀、球阀、旋塞阀等。按结构特征，根据关闭件相对于阀座移动的方向可分为：

　　Such as gate valves, globe valves, throttle valves, butterfly valves, ball valves, plug valves, etc. According to the structural characteristics, it can be divided into:

　　（1）截门形：关闭件沿着阀座中心移动；（2）闸门形：关闭件沿着垂直阀座中心移动；（3）旋塞和球形：关闭件是柱塞或球，围绕本身的中心线旋转；（4）旋启形：关闭件围绕阀座外的轴旋转；（5）碟形：关闭件的圆盘，围绕阀座内的轴旋转；（6）滑阀形：关闭件在垂直于通道的方向滑动。按用途，根据阀门的不同用途可分为：

　　(1) Truncated gate shape: the closing element moves along the center of the valve seat; (2) Gate shaped: The closing component moves along the center of the vertical valve seat; (3) Cock and ball: The closing component is a plunger or ball that rotates around its own centerline; (4) Spiral opening shape: the closing element rotates around the axis outside the valve seat; (5) Disc shape: a circular disk of a closure that rotates around an axis inside the valve seat; (6) Slide valve shape: The closing element slides in a direction perpendicular to the channel. According to their different uses, valves can be divided into:

　　（1）开断用：用来接通或切断管路介质，如截止阀、闸阀、球阀、蝶阀等。（2）止回用：用来防止介质倒流，如止回阀。（3）调节用：用来调节介质的压力和流量，如调节阀、减压阀。（4）分配用：用来改变介质流向、分配介质，如三通旋塞、分配阀、滑阀等。（5）安全阀：在介质压力超过规定值时，用来排放多余的介质，保证管路系统及设备安全，如安全阀、事故阀。（6）其它特殊用途：如疏水阀、放空阀、排污阀等。按驱动方式，根据不同的驱动方式可分为：（1）手动：借助手轮、手柄、杠杆或链轮等，有人力驱动，传动较大力矩时装有蜗轮、齿轮等减速装置。（2）电动：借助电机或其他电气装置来驱动。（3）液动：借助（水、油）来驱动。（4）气动：借助压缩空气来驱动。

　　(1) Disconnecting function: used to connect or disconnect pipeline media, such as globe valves, gate valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, etc. (2) Check valve: used to prevent medium backflow, such as a check valve. (3) Regulating: Used to regulate the pressure and flow rate of a medium, such as regulating valves and pressure reducing valves. (4) Distribution purpose: Used to change the flow direction and distribute media, such as three-way plugs, distribution valves, slide valves, etc. (5) Safety valve: Used to discharge excess medium when the medium pressure exceeds the specified value, ensuring the safety of pipeline systems and equipment, such as safety valves and emergency valves. (6) Other special purposes: such as drain valves, vent valves, drain valves, etc. According to the driving method, it can be divided into: (1) manual: with the help of handwheels, handles, levers, or sprockets, there is manual driving, and when transmitting large torque, there are reduction devices such as worm gears and gears. (2) Electric: driven by an electric motor or other electrical device. (3) Hydraulic: driven by (water, oil). (4) Pneumatic: driven by compressed air.

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